The Atomic Bombings Were They Justified - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1062 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Atomic Bomb Essay Did you like this example? Atomic bombs have only been used twice in war. Both occurrences took place in Japan and were dropped by the United States. Being that the United States is the only country to employ atomic warfare and it has only occurred twice in history, it is often asked if these attacks were necessary and/or justified. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Atomic Bombings: Were They Justified?" essay for you Create order Some may have found it difficult to view our leaders and the atomic bomb as a promoter for world peace and instead an uncontrollable weapon of war because of how harsh and cruel the bombings appeared (Stoff 159). Others strongly believed that Japan would have surrendered even if the bombs had not been dropped. Nonetheless, these atomic bombs were created and dropped for a purpose. There was no other weapon or type of attack that would have been more effective. The atomic bombs were absolutely necessary for America as they represented a step towards world peace and they saved plenty of American lives. On August 6 of 1945, during WWII, the United States dropped a bomb on Hiroshima as an effort to end the war. This bomb, Little Boy, wiped out 90 percent of the city of Hiroshima killing around 80,000 people. Three days later, the United States dropped a second bomb, Fat Boy, on the city of Nagasaki. This bomb ended up killing about 40,000 people on August 9. Tens of thousands also died later in both cities in result of the effects of the nuclear bombs. Days later on August 15, 1945, Japan announced their surrounded, ultimately ending WWII (cbsnews.com). In the building of the atomic bomb, they did not know exactly what they were creating. They began to see how rough, difficult, challenging, and unpredictable the job might turn out to be (Stoff 30). Nonetheless, going forward with bomb, they knew it was a delicate treasure that was sometimes referred as their master card. They did not take this weapon lightly and were unwilling to gamble with such big stakes in diplomacy (Stoff 91). Once the atomic bomb was built, they knew it was the only way to go end WWII. The initial intended use of the bomb was that it should be used against Japan as soon as possible; that it be used on a war plant surrounded by workers homes; and that it be used without prior warning. As time went by and people were studying the atomic bomb, it became clearer to them that dropping it was the way to go. The atomic bomb was strongly viewed as an act of world peace. Almost everyone knew that if the bomb attacks were performed quickly and successfully, it could determine the outcome of war. They knew that it must be controlled in order to assure future peace rather than be a menace to civilization (Stoff 106). The atomic bomb was not regarded as a new weapon but as a revolutionary change in the relations of man to the universe because they knew it would either doom or perfect the civilization (Stoff 121). The men knew that their weapon possessed a lot of power and their intent and obligation was to use that power with the best wisdom. The only objective with the bomb was military damage, not civilian lives. In result, the Nagasaki bomb was the trigger to the developments that led to peace. No other weapon could potentially end the war. The military, at first, proposed to perform an open test in hopes of scared Japan and making them surrender. However, no one could suggest a way that was convincing enough that it would stop the war. If the demonstration was not to work the chance would be gone to do a surprise attack. Plus, experience with Japanese fighting men made it known that the war would not be stopped with just a demonstration. Lead scientists that studied the atomic bombs said that there was no way to end the war without direct usage. Before dropping the atomic bombs, the men suggested an ultimatum to Japan. If Japan responded a surrender within two or three days, the bombs would not be dropped. The United States wanted to play completely fair as its position as a great humanitarian nation (Stoff 162). Leaflets were also dropped two days before bombing, warning Japanese civilians of what is to come, and few still responded. The United States sent out plenty of warnings before the atomic bomb dropped and they knew that it could cost half a million American lives to force the enemys surrender on his home grounds (Stoff 223). The main intent and purpose of the atomic bombs was to save American lives. Like mentioned, the bombs were made to damage military not civilians. Many emphasize that saving American lives by immediate military use will improve the international prospects (Stoff 150). The atomic bomb protects military lives by providing more and stronger protection. Some military men state, weve got to give these men the best weapons we can produce (Stoff 124). Without the use of atomic bombs, it can often lead to longer wars and the cost of human lives. The longer that war progresses, the smaller will our surpluses become, and the more our over-all resource will be strained (Stoff 185). The atomic bomb was justified. It had strong intent and purpose that had a great outcome. When building the bomb, they knew the United States would be dominant if it worked. They treated the bomb not like a weapon but a like a diplomatic tool because they knew it can be used to assert U.S. dominance in political realm. They dropped this bomb because, if it worked, it would result in the shortening of war and the saving of American lives; it would bring us toward future peace by settling international disputes and this was all the ultimate goal. There was a reason we used the atomic bomb against Japan and many agree as a Gallup poll revealed that 85 percent of Americans approved of ?using the new atomic bomb on Japanese cities (Stoff 253). When introducing the idea of the atomic bomb, there was plenty of doubt, but we carried on because we believed that its use will save the lives of American soldiers and bring more quickly to an end the horror of this war which the Japanese leaders d eliberately started (Stoff 239). The actions of the atomic bomb attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were justified and I believe our military today should perform the same action when necessary.

Methodism and Deism - 1421 Words

Thomas Paine argued that there is happiness in Deism, when one rightly understood it concept. What makes Deism stood out from the rest of world religion, Is that Deist doesn’t need tricks to show miracles to confirm faith. He claimed that Deism brings happiness to it followers; unlike other religious believe systems where they restrain from reasoning and if the reasoning makes sense they will dispute against it. A man or a woman who able to think at all must restrain his/her own reason in order to force themselves into believe the teaching of that religion without questioning. Deist believes that the structure of the universe and everything we witness in the system of the creation of the world are far more convincing than any text or†¦show more content†¦(Wesley, 1747) Base on the Confession of Faith in The Book of Discipline, in article II We believe in Jesus Christ, truly God and truly man, in whom the divine and human natures are perfectly and inseparably united. He is the eternal Word made flesh, the only begotten Son of the Father, born of the Virgin Mary by the power of the Holy Spirit. As ministering servant he lived, suffered and died on the cross. He was buried, rose from the dead and ascended into heaven to be with the Father, from whence he shall return. He is eternal Savior and Mediator, who intercedes for us, and by him all persons are to be judged.† Methodist Church denomination is closer to the Anglican Church and the Church of England. Methodist doctrine states that Jesus was the Son of God, the child of the Virgin Mary and the Holy Spirit, truly God and truly Man, who appear to be our salvation descended down to Earth from heaven. The Evangelical Methodists believe that if one has sinned but confessed and repented their sin w ill be forgiven. Forgiveness is the most critical part of modern Christians teaching, they also believe that with grace from God will allow them to get to heaven, not by electing process but by observing good deeds. Evangelical Methodist are very strict of their religious practice, if a person ever committedShow MoreRelatedMontetesquieu And Voltaire And The Enlightenment844 Words   |  4 Pagesunnecessary in regulating business. Collectively, Smith’s ideas about changing economic policy were very progressive and their relations to the Enlightenment reinforced faith in the overall idea of progress.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The Enlightenment brought the emergence of deism, a new religious denomination. Desists believed that God was the creator of the heavens and Earth but that he was not directly attached to the everyday events of human life. They believed that he was not always present and watching over the peopleRead More The Methodist Movement in America Essay4411 Words   |  18 PagesFrom the time it was introduced to America in 1766, by Phillip Embury in New York and Robert Strawbridge in Maryland (Methodism 2) until the middle of the 19th century, Methodism enjoyed a meteoric rise. At the time of the American Revolution Methodists comprised a very small percentage of the American religious population, and yet by the mid 1800s Methodism was a dominant religious movement. In fact, historian William Warren Sweet claims that while â€Å"of all the religious bodies in America at theRead MoreEssay on The Enlightenment1246 Words   |  5 Pageswas a rise in several diverse religious scho ols of thought. Deism, which arose in the late seventeenth century in England, was a popular product of the search for a rational and natural religion because of its denial of God’s active involvement with the world after creation. Although many started to call special revelation and the validity of scriptural claims into question, the rise of devotional movements such as Pietism and Methodism exemplified the range of religious thought and practice duringRead MoreChapter 12 : The Industrial Revolution1830 Words   |  8 Pagesthan there were owners, therefore, they could fight for higher wages, and rights. 7. The expansion of communities, led to the establishment of new professions aiding in the concept that hard work is rewarded in the democratic society. Chapter 13: 1. Deism came to a nation that had strong religious tradition, and it contrasted with Calvinism through establishing itself as a philosophy that is applicable through logic and reason, which was adopted by the religion Unitarianism, which many free thinkersRead MoreThe Eighteenth Century : Age Of Enlightenment2647 Words   |  11 PagesJews: -Was this the start of Hitler’s motives against Jewish people? -Why this hatred if Christianity teachers about loving everyone? Popular Religion in the 18 Century Catholic Piety: Protestant revivalism: Pietism Wesley and Methodism: †¢ Held gatherings to discuss ideas of philosophy -French woman, distinguished in France and Europe †¢ 1784: Immanuel Kant: man’s leaving his self-caused immaturity and inability to use intelligence without guidance †¢ Scientific Revolution: reasonRead MoreApush Chapter 7 Outline Essay4627 Words   |  19 Pageswithdrawn from direct involvement with the human race and its sins. 4. Religious skepticism also produced the philosophies of â€Å"universalism† and â€Å"Unitarianism,† which emerged at first as dissenting views within the New England Congregational Church. 5. Deism, Universalism, Unitarianism, and other rational religions seemed more powerful than they actually were because for a time traditional evangelicals were confused and disorganized. Subsection Summary: Religious skepticism staged a dramatic comebackRead MoreHerbert Spencer Essay13142 Words   |  53 Pages | [pic]Life Herbert Spencer was born in Derby, England, on 27 April 1820, the son of William George Spencer (generally called George). Spencer’s father was a religious dissenter who drifted from Methodism to Quakerism, and who seems to have transmitted to his son an opposition to all forms of authority. He ran a school founded on the progressive teaching methods of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi and also served as Secretary of the Derby Philosophical

Corporate Accounting & Reporting High Competition and New Technology

Question: Describe about the Corporate Accounting Reporting for High Competition and New Technology . Answer: Task A IAS 36 Impairment of Assets, describes a number of factors, responsible for declining the value of assets such as wear and tear, high competition and new technology. Thus a reduction in a recoverable amount below the carrying value of an asset can be said impairment (Henderson and et.al. 2015). Impairment loss is measured by comparing the value of property with its recoverable amount (the highest amount that can be attained through sale of fixed assets.) Present essay is based on the practical application of IAS 36 impairment. The relevant accounting standards have been discussed in the report for understanding the provisions which are to be followed while impairment of the asset. Analyses of different cases have been presented in which impairment is needed and where no impairment is required. The objective of the present essay is observing the nature of impairment loss and the discussing the disclosure to be made in books of accounts of an organisation in its reference. The objective of AASB 136 which is equivalent to IAS 36 is to present the procedures to be applied by the entity for ensuring that the assets are not carried at a value more than its recoverable amount. The prescribed standard applies to the period after beginning on or after 1st January 2005. The standard applies to all the assets except inventories, deferred tax asset, financial assets, a non-current asset held for sale, investment property, insurance contract asset and natural assets which are related to agricultural activity. IAS 36 Impairment of Assets. The standard deals with the methodology which should be adopted by a company for examination of the requirement of impairment of assets. It also outlines the conditions of reporting and accounts for impairment of significant assets. Due to the recession, a large no. of entities has contemplated to write off, a few of their long-term assets. A sudden decline in fair value of an asset due to obsolescence can be said impairment (Mirza and et.al.., 2010). The signs of impairment are to be required to identify on reasonable intervals, i.e. on a yearly basis. The signs which are to be identified are; reduction in cash is generating a capacity of an asset through the sale or decline in value due to its usage. IAS 36 mandates the requirement of evaluation that whether the signs of damage are present in any asset or not. Both external and internal resources are to be considered for the evaluation .of impairment. In case, the signs of impairment are not present even than intangible assets and goodwill are to be examined annually, but for fixed asset impairment test are carried out only if impairment exist (Bond and et.al., 2016). The disclosures that are required to be made in the books of accounts related to impairment are the amount of damage identified and the reason for the same. Along with this, the quantum of goodwill in CGU or CGUs as the case may be is presented. In notes to account, the techniques used in the valuation of asset and approach for ascertaining the assumption is described. Assumptions that have been used in valuing the asset and the growth rate that has been applied are also required to be included in notes to accounts. In the case of probability alteration which leads to damage; a sensitivity study will b required to calculate the damage which leads to impairment of the asset (Manea, 2016.). All the assets are to be valued at each reporting date to ascertain whether the impairment which was previously measured other than goodwill is in existence or not; the recoverable amount is recalculated in case the indication is present (Pearsons, 2014). A reversal of impairment loss is possible only if the base on which the recoverable amount was calculated has changed. In the case of an individual asset the increased carrying amount due to reversal cannot be more than carrying amount and thus no impairment loss is being recognised (Harris, and et.al. 2014). The reversal is immediately accounted in profit and loss account, and the asset is carried at revalued amount in books of account. The depreciation or amortisation of the asset is adjusted after the reversal so that the remaining value can be allocated on a systematic basis on remaining life of asset and same accounting policies can be applied on the amount. Practical Implication In case the recoverable amount is less than the carrying amount of asset, the difference between them is accounted as impairment. The recoverable amount of an asset is higher of value in use and fair value less cost of sale. Fair value less cost of sale means the amount after deducting the disposal cost of an asset and value in use refers the present value of projected cash flows and amount that is recovered in ultimate sale of asset when its functional life ends. If the asset is carried at historical cost, in that case, impairment loss is considered as an expense and accounted in profit and loss statement (Tsalavoutas et.al. 2014.). If the asset is revalued according to IAS 16 or IAS 38 the impairment loss will be accounted as a decline in revaluation and will be recognised as comprehensive income; will be reduced from revaluation surplus of that asset. When a series of CGUs or a CGU to which goodwill is allotted, is examined for goodwill in that situation impairment loss is first adjusted against the amount of available goodwill (Georgiades, 2008). If still any loss remains that it is assigned on a pro-rata basis to other assets of CGU. In any case, the carrying amount of an asset will not be reduced below zero or its personal recoverable amount (Tsalavoutas and et.al., 2014.). If impairment loss which is recorded in books of accounts is no more in existence according to internal and external sources, the carrying value of the asset can be enhanced, and the impairment loss apart from goodwill gets annulled. The practical issues related to the impairment testing includes assessment and reassessment of cash flows, determination of discount rates, reasonableness test of assumption, benchmarking and identification of impairment indicators. If net asset value is greater than market capitalization, than it gives arise to the requirement of impairment of asset. If the value in use (VIU) is greater than market capitalization than the assumption which has been taken for VIU may be challenging; therefore the projected cash flows may not be according to market and reasons should be determined behind it (Weil and et.al., 2013.). An intangible asset such as goodwill can be tested at an earlier from the end date of financial statement with necessary amendments at the end of the year. It is necessary to disclose discounting rate and long-term growth rate with related assumptions while using cash flow models (Interpreting Financial Statement, 2014). These include all discounting and lending rates and c ost of capital which are increasing according to the environment. No exemptions have been provided regarding disclosure requirement. According to the analysis, it could be concluded that top management must be included in providing analysis as the treatment of impairment is complex in nature. It affects the carrying value of the asset; hence proper reconciliation of value ascertained should be done before finalisation of amounts (Schmidt P. and et.al. 2013). Task B Journal Entries in the books of Crossbow Ltd: Date Entry Dr. (in $) Cr. (in $) 30th June 2015 Impairment Loss A/c Dr. 51,000 To Crossbow Ltd 51,000 This entry will be done for recognising impairment loss in the books of accounts of the company. Date Entry Dr. (in $) Cr. (in $) 30th June 2015 Profit Loss A/c Dr. 51,000 To Impairment Loss 51,000 This entry is for transferring impairment loss to profit and loss account. In the present situation the carrying amount of assets of the company is higher than the recoverable amount; therefore an impairment loss due to variation has been recorded. Working Notes Asset Amount (in $000) Land 171 Brand Crossbow Shoes.' 160 Shoe Factory 700 Machinery for manufacturing shoes 400 Goodwill on acquisition of competing companies 4 Total 1471 Calculation of Impairment Loss: Carrying amount of asset as per working note $1471000 Recoverable amount according to available data $1420000 Impairment Loss (Carrying amount Recoverable amount) $51000 It can be concluded from the above calculation that an impairment loss of $51000 which is being debited to profit loss account as an expense. Conclusion The present report depicts the situation which gives arise to impairment. The applicable standards IAS 36 has been included in the report for explaining the relevant disclosures and methods to be applied for ascertaining impairment loss of the asset. The second part of the report reflects the journal entries with proper working notes which make the explanation easier. References Books Journal Bond and et.al.b 2016. An evaluation of asset impairments by Australian firms and whether they were impacted by AASB 136. Accounting Finance. Detzen, D. Stork genannt Wersborg, T. and Zlch, H., 2016. Impairment of Goodwill and Deferred Taxes Under IFRS. Australian Accounting Review. 26(3).Pp.301-311. Georgiades, G. 2008. GAAP Financial Statement Disclosures Manual 2008-2009. CCH. Harris, P. and et.al. 2014. Converting Financial Statements from US GAAP to IFRS. The CPA Journal. 84(1), P.20. Henderson, S.and et.al. 2015. Issues in Financial Accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Manea, M.D. 2016. Accounting policies and practices applicable for the impairment of assets that generate income other than cash flows. The Audit Financiar journal. Pp 14(139). Mirza, A. and et.al. 2010. Wiley IFRS: Practical Implementation Guide and Workbook. John Wiley Sons. Persons, O., 2014. A principles-based approach to teaching International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Journal of Instructional Pedagogies. 13, P.1. Tsalavoutas, I.and et.al. 2014. Worldwide application of IFRS 3, IAS 36 and IAS 38, related disclosures, and determinants of non-compliance. Weil, R.L. and et.al. 2013. Financial accounting: an introduction to concepts, methods and uses. Cengage Learning. Online Interpreting Financial Statement. 2014. [Online]. Available through: https://books.google.com.au/books?hl=enlr=id=7AdhBgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PA129dq=accounting+standard+on+impairment+of+asset . [Accessed on 20th September 2016]. Schmidt P. and et.al. Compliance with IFRS 3- and IAS36-required disclosures across 17 European countries: company- and country-level determinants. 2013. [Online]. Available through: https://publications.hse.ru/en/articles/84715458 . [Accessed on 20th September 2016].

The nature of Communication in Interpersonal Relationships

Written by Paolo and Ottavia in 2004, â€Å"The Impact of Interpersonal Relationships on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty to the Service Provider† highlights the main goal of the modern world customer-business relationships in relationship marketing. Currently, the literature on interpersonal relationships is widely researched. Previously, there was no exhaustive information that explicitly explained the factors that helped to develop customer loyalty from these relationships.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The nature of Communication in Interpersonal Relationships specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is pertinent to note that human beings are social beings and therefore, they communicate and interact in a refined manner to develop networks, friendships and acquaintances. In business, especially in service provision industry; customer loyalty is deemed to develop in this manner and it is a particularly cr ucial factor for marketers to retain clients (Paolo Ottavia, 2004, p. 369). Marketers are able to retain more customers because of the loyalty that develops. Given the importance of human social interaction and communication between customers and the service providers or those running the businesses, relationship marketing is a unique field of study. This nature of marketing is built on the concept that, it is easy to retain and strengthen the relationship that exists between the business and current customers rather than seeking new clients. This approach has a principal goal of building customer loyalty (Paolo Ottavia, 2004, p. 367). As a result, understanding the way this goal is achieved and the reason why customer loyalty is developed is critical in business management. Paolo and Ottavia cite the relevant researches that address the nature of the relationship between clients and the front-line employees, particularly in the service industry can enhance loyalty. Therefore, the professional dimension of interaction, as well as the social dimension, significantly impact on the client’s first impression and therefore, the perception of the quality of services or goods offered. Even for the business-to-business interactions, effective interpersonal commitments are particularly vital for holding individuals involved in business networks together rather than the businesses themselves (Paolo Ottavia, 2004, p. 374). Businesses are hence places for ‘social bonding’, and they, either directly or indirectly, bring out relational outputs, which market a firm hence, developing customer commitment and trust, as well as co-operation. Significance of the Article The article is an indispensable work of the nature of communication and interaction of people. In the modern world, where businesses are aggressively marketing themselves and inventing ways to develop customer loyalty, it is necessary to understand how loyalty can be attained.Advertising Looking for essay on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Interpersonal relationships, as influenced by the nature of communication, hence become a central topic of study (Paolo Ottavia, 2004, p. 376). This article provides the knowledge of how customer loyalty usually develops and well as the reason why such dedication grows based on communication. The article has used previous studies, and emerging knowledge to explore the function that interpersonal relationships factors have been playing in developing customer loyalty to a certain business. The article shows that the business itself can lack the features to do that, but the frontline employees have personified the idea of developing friendship, showing concern, care, paying attention, and treating customers with a high level hospitality. Therefore, the paper shows that interpersonal loyalty is much better than brand loyalty or point of sale dedication. Enl ightenment and Knowledge Enhancement This paper opened my perception of the personal selling and the significance of personal relationship with customers. I now appreciate the social exchange brought about by the social exchange relationships that result in economic advantage. Since there have been a proliferation of many different brands of most of the products on the market, to survive in the new economy, innovativeness is crucial. Therefore, this understanding helps me to realize that a different way of succeeding can be achieved by concentrating on interpersonal friendship rather than focusing only on things like brand loyalty. Relationships between the people involved can have a positive impact on the customer satisfaction or perception of quality of services and hence, loyalty to the company. It is pertinent to appreciate that strong interpersonal relationship between the customer and the person representing the company as the marketer appreciably influences the customers†™ perception of the company. Good quality communication like high level of hospitality and customer centric service can foster customer satisfaction and dedication to the company (Paolo Ottavia, 2004, p. 379). These factors also build customer repurchase intent, readiness and confidence to recommend the product or service to others. Having longtime buyer –company relationship is appropriate for business; therefore, understanding the nature of communication between sellers and buyer need more attention in business management.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The nature of Communication in Interpersonal Relationships specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With proper communication, which enhances development of friendships and business networks, interpersonal relationship has been a fundamental concept in the modern business world. This is because the new trend of business seeks to establish long-term, reciproc ally beneficial to clients and businesses. Important Questions Raised By the Author The main objective of the paper was to explore the implication if having personal relationships in business and the impact on customer loyalty to the business. The main goal of this article is to explore the role played by interpersonal-relationship factors in gaining and developing customer loyalty to the company. The author sought to find what factors of the customer-frontline personnel relationship resulted in long-term friendship with the business (Paolo Ottavia, 2004, p. 376). As such, issues like trust, confidence, hope and satisfaction were identified as essential for the interpersonal interaction. Another crucial question raised by the author was how loyalty develops in customers when they experience healthy interpersonal relationship. It is believed that when clients have close ties with the company personnel like the service employees, they share a lot with regard to the business, and the customers feel exceptionally comfortable, confident, and trusting. It is believed that, behavioral loyalty leads to repeat purchase and recommending of services to others (Paolo Ottavia, 2004, p. 379). The basic question raised was whether relationships in the real sense lead to customer loyalty to the firm as assumed. As social beings, customers would rather interact with people they have known as friends. Therefore, customers affirmed that they would follow a service worker they had a friendship with to another company if he/she were to move. This means their loyalty is not per se because of quality of service or products. Reference Paolo, G., Ottavia, P. (2004). The Impact of Interpersonal Relationships on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty to the Service Provider. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 15(4), 365 – 384. This essay on The nature of Communication in Interpersonal Relationships was written and submitted by user GreyGarg0yle to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Jurassic Park essays

Jurassic Park essays Jurassic Park is divided into seven sections, each with a quote from Ian Malcolm. He was a mathematician who specialized in the field called chaos theory, which based itself mainly on nonlinear equations. The first section follows the paths of several scenes, where in each one, there is evidence pointing to the appearance of dinosaurs. One of these scenes included in the very beginning, where a man was flown in to a doctor with mortal wounds surrounding his body. One of his last words was "raptor", which meant "bird of prey." Another was when a young girl was bit by a so called lizard, but the lizard fit closely to the description of a dinosaur. The second section ties in with the first one, but now the reader is presented with scientific evidence of living dinosaurs. Here the reader is given a little insight of the background to the situation, as Bob Morris, part of the EPA, reveals information that InGen had three Cray XMP's shipped to Costa Rica, which were very powerful superco mputers, and 24 Hoods, which were automated gene sequencers. Later on, the carcass of a dinosaur, which was found near the sight where the young girl was bit, was sent to a lab to be examined, and it was identified as a Procompsognathus, thought to be extinct for millions of years. The scientists who witnessed the evidence, Ellie Sattler and Alan Grant, both foremost in the fields of paleontology, were soon requested to fly down to a private island off of Costa Rica by John Hammond, founder of InGen. A little later on in the second section, the story unfolds somewhat, when the scene shifts to a meeting of the Biosyn Corporation of Cupertino, where they explain that InGen was cloning dinosaurs. The Biosyn company then hires Lewis Dodgson, an scientists who worked at InGen, to help them steal dinosaur embryo's for them. He starts off toward Costa Rica as Ellie and Grant arrive in Jurassic Park, and get their first glimpses of the dinosaurs. The third section...

How Many Questions Can You Miss for a Perfect ACT Score

How Many Questions Can You Miss for a Perfect ACT Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Lots of students strive for that perfect 36 ACT composite score. You might think you need a completely perfect test, but that's not the case. You have some leeway in how many questions you can miss and still get a 36. In this article, I'll explain my research into official ACT grading scales, and I'll tell you how many questions you can get wrong and still get that 36. How Is the ACT Scored? To understand how many questions you can get wrong and still get a perfect score, you need to understand how the ACT is scored. For a more in-depth explanation, check out our other article: How is the ACT Scored? In brief, the ACT is made up 4 sections: Math (60 questions), Reading (40 questions), Science (40 questions) and English (75 questions) plus Writing (1 Essay). The essay is not factored into your overall composite score, so I am not going to discuss it further in this article. If you're curious about the essay, read our other article: How to Write an ACT Essay: Step by Step Example. Unlike the SAT, you do NOT get points deducted for wrong answers, so it is to your advantage to bubble in any questions you can’t answer since you won’t be penalized for wrong answers.For each section, you are givena raw score, which is simply the number of questions you answered correctly, and then that raw score is converted into a scaled score. The raw score to scaled score conversion varies each ACT test date, but the ACT provides a table in their Preparing for the ACT guide that estimates how each section’s raw scores will be converted into scaled scores. Here it is: Once you have the scaled scores for each section, you simply add the 4 section scores together and divide by 4 (aka averaging) and then you have your composite score.If your score ends up with a decimal, it is rounded. i.e. if it is a 35.4, it is rounded to 35, and if it is 35.5, it is rounded to 36. Now let's get back to the original question. How Many Questions Can You Miss and Still Get a Perfect 36 Composite Score? The answer is a little complex (and I will explain it further), but you can typically get between 0 and 2 questions wrong in total across all four sections.The reason the answer is more complex is that the scoring for each section of the test is different, and the scoring for each section varies by test date (as you can see in the chart above and as I will explain further below). If you want to get a 36, you need to get a 36 on at least 2 of the sections.Here are the breakdowns: (36+36+36+36) / 4 = 36 (36+36+36+35) / 4 = 35.75 (rounds up to 36) (36+36+35+35) / 4 = 35.5 (rounds up to 36) (36+36+36+34) / 4 = 35.5 (rounds up to 36) NOTE: you cannot get a 33 on any individual sectionif you want to get a composite score of 36. As I said, the scoring of each section varies by test date. So, to give you a better idea of the typical number of questions you can get wrong for a 36 in each section, Ihave analyzed 5 different ACT score charts: Section Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5 English 0 0 0 0 0 Math 0 0 0 0-1 0 Reading 0 0-2 0 0 0 Science 0 0 0 0 0 You can see that to get a 36 in English, Reading, Math or Science, youtypically need to get 0 wrong. Occasionally, a test will allow 1 or 2 mistakes, but that is a rarity, so you should plan for 0 wrong to get a 36 in any of the sections. Since you can get up to two 35s on individual sections (if you get 36s on the other sections, as I showed above), I have also analyzed the same tests for thenumber of questions you can get wrong for a 35 in each section: Section Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5 English 1 1-2 1-2 1-2 2-3 Math 1 1-2 1 2-3 1-2 Reading 1 3 1 1 1 Science N/A* N/A* 1 1 1 *Science sections labeled N/A means you are not able to score a 35 on those tests in the Science section. 1 question wrong drops you to a 34 in Science on those tests. Since the scoring varies so much between test dates for each section, to be safe, you should aim to get at most 1 wrong in any section to get a 35. While you may, in fact, end up being able to get more wrong, you cannot be sure have harsh or easy your test grading will be and should plan for harsher grading. Since you can get up to one 34 on an individual section (if you get 36s on the other sections, as I showed above), I have also analyzed the same tests for thenumber of questions you can get wrong for a 34 in each section: Section Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5 English 2 3-4 3-4 3-4 4 Math 2 3-4 2 4-5 3 Reading 2 4 2 2 2 Science 1 1 N/A* 2 2 *The science section labeled N/A means you are not able to score a 34 on that test in the Science section. 2 questions wrong drops you to a 33 in Science on that test. If you are aiming to get a 34 on 1 section and 36 on the rest to get a 36 composite score, you should aim for at most 2 wrong on that section. As I said before, while the scoring varies, and you could technically have gotten up to 4-5 wrong on certain sections on certain test dates to get a 34 on that section, you need to plan for the worst case scenario, so plan that you will get a 34 if you get 2 wrong. Any way you calculate it, you can miss or skip a maximum of 2 questions to get a 36 composite score.That's not a lot, so if you're hoping for a perfect score, you will need a lot of practice. What Does This Mean If You're Aiming for a 36? For the whole test, you need to have the pacing down and make sure you can finish.You cannot afford to miss or skip many questions, so first and foremost make sure the timing will not be a problem for you. You should determine which sections are your strongest and weakest.For example, if you are excellent in Math, Science, and Reading and weaker in English, focus on getting the Math, Science, and Reading close to perfect to get a 36, so you can afford to miss or skip 3 or 4 in English and get a 34. What's Next? Need help preparing for the ACT? Check out guides to the ACT Reading, Math, English, and Science sections.Taking the ACT very soon? Read our guide to cramming for the test. Not sure where you want to go to college? Check out our guide to finding your target school.Also, figure out yourtarget ACT score. Thinking about getting a job while in high school? Check out our guide to the 8 best jobs for teensand learn how to find yours! Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by ACT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

Change Management of an Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Change Management of an Organization - Essay Example So the above mentioned lines are indicating one more interesting technique to reach organizational goals, that is changing the people's attitude, their way of working, and behavior towards work so that organization can reach its objectives through change which is probably the only way for it to reach its goals as modernization automatically changes the surroundings, behaviors of buyers, the variety of competition and so on. The business doesn't get changed itself, nor does it require it self to change with out any need as the profitability (growth) or survival is the core objective of any business, but when it comes to change, only external factors make an organization or business change primarily, afterwards the firm changes it self may be in internal manners. The External change drivers that can be seen commonly in this modern world or from the time the changing took place include Mega Environment1, it further includes Technological Element, in which the modern technology that is used outside the firm, perhaps around the world and by the competitors tends to change the organization, the failure to use such technology can result in loss of values, customers, and most importantly long-term profits. The next external change is brought by Economic Element, of course the change in the country's wealth distribution, it's financial debt and the inflation can create unbalance in an organization or any business, such as the decrease in the price of a certain commodity or product can have some negative impact on the firms profitability, specially if the country in which the organization is operated is a socialist economy in which the government owns a lot than the individuals. The next one is Legal-Political Element, these are somewhat the governm ental forces that affect the business or organization from outside, such as passing a new taxation rule, or a new policy which implementation can also make an organization to change its norms and policies, in such cases the organizations are forced to follow such rules, or they can be penalized. The Socio-cultural Elements is another external change driver, here the attitudes, norms, traditions, behaviors etc. that the people of the country in which the organization is operated follow, a good example is that if a food business is being operated and Muslims somehow enter into that area demanding the cautionary meat, the organization would have to change and would have to start making the demanded meat. The last of Mega environments is International Element, these are general norms followed by the organizations being operated around the globe, for instance, the McDonald's in every country has to follow somewhat the same standards that parent company is following, other wise it can be penalized. Now lets discuss an other sort of External Change driver, it is called Task Environment2, it includes Customer and Clients, of course they are the only ones because of whom change is adopted, the customers

Write an analytical business report on what ethical consumerism means Coursework

Write an analytical business report on what ethical consumerism means for businesses (CO-OPERATIVE BANK) - Coursework Example The ethical consumerism concept is characterised by customers’ patronising products that are sold by society-friendly companies (Berman, 2011). The same concept includes the customers’ buying services that are sold by environment-friendly. Likewise, the concept emphasises shying away from products that wreak damage or unfavourable effects on the environment or on society (Langen, 2012). For example, the ethical customers must avoid lead-tainted canned food products. Lead contaminates the canned products. The contaminated canned products may trigger unhealthy effects on the uninformed current and future customers (Bertagni et al., 2010). Further, ethical consumerism is grounded on morality (Devinney et al., 2010). Morality is the object of ethical standards. Consequently, ethical consumerism can be described as consumers incorporating their own ethical standards in the purchasing or using of certain products or services. For example, companies should not intentionally sell defective products to customers. The consumers include both the current and future customers of the companies. Ethical consumerism may include the implementation of fair trade processes. Fair trade is synonymous with the laissez faire economy. Under this type of economy, all entities and individuals can freely join their chosen market segments. All competitors in the same market segment are given equal opportunities. Policies that favor one entity or group should be prevented. Furthermore, equal opportunities include equal possibilities to be the top net profit performer in the same market segment. Equal opportunities may include giving all entities the same sustainability chances. All entities and individuals are given the same chances to achieve one’s prescribed goals, objectives, missions, visions, and other previously defined targets (Guido, 2009). Consequently, the ethical consumers act responsibly in their use or purchase

Food and beverage Management Essay Example for Free

Food and beverage Management Essay I have read and understood the London School of Business and Finance Regulations and Policies relating to academic misconduct. I declare that: This submission is entirely my own original piece of work. It has not been submitted for a previous assessment in LSBF or any other institution. Wherever published, unpublished, printed, electronic or other information sources have been used as a contribution or component of this work, these are explicitly, clearly and individually acknowledged by appropriate use of quotation marks, citations, references and statements in the text. I understand that penalties will be incurred for late submission of work. STUDENT SIGNATURE: Ahonou Rosalie DATE: 21/09/2014 NOTE – Please complete the details below Have you submitted any Reasonable Adjustment Requests? Yes / No Date of submission: TASK 1 Understand different food and beverage production and service systems LO1. 1. 1 The characteristics of food production and food and beverage service systems INTRODUCTION Food production and food and beverage service systems is about an area where menu is planned, raw materials are purchased and received. It is also about Food service where Food and beverage are provided to the guests included a wide range of styles and cuisine types, all alcoholic and non- 1 / 3 alcoholic drinks. To make a successful Food and Beverage Service, you need to develop well interpersonal skills, product knowledge skills to buy raw material. Food and Beverage Production I am going to explain some methods: Traditional Partie Method: the majority of food is buying condiments or raw. It is easy to provide the receipt and store goods, the preparation, cooking, holding and service of food and there are dishwashing facilities as well. That method is good for the staff because the staff can move quickly from their place to the service counter (the distance is short). The communication link-up is necessary for the department and food flow is systematic. There is easy access to raw food materials from storage areas. Centralised Production Method: centralised production methods explain how the separation of the production and service components of the food flow system work or operate by place or time or both. So food that is centrally produced is distributed to the point of the point of service in batches or pre-portioned. It could be transported in a ready-to-eat box or in a ready-to-serve state, for example hot or frozen food. I give some advantages of centralised production methods â€Å"the introduction of a storage stage between production and service allows the production unit to work to maximum efficiency and with a better utilisation of staff and equipment† and â€Å"energy consumption can be reduced by careful scheduling and by a continuous run of single products†. Here is a disadvantage of centralised production method â€Å"hygiene problems or food contamination could have big repercussions than a problem in an individual kitchen. Cook-Freeze Production Methods: the word cook-freeze involves a catering system which is based on the whole cooking of food and followed by quick freezing. That food is stored in a controlled low temperature of -18 degree Celsius or less then is followed by subsequent complete reheating close to the consumer, prior to prompt consumption. The process involves raw food, food storage, pre- preparation, cooking, portioning, blast freezing, cold storage, distribution, regeneration. Cook-Chill Production Methods: it is the same process with Cook-Freeze production. The only different are that the cooking of food is stored in a controlled low temperature, but just above freezing point and then between 0 degree Celsius to +3 degree Celsius. Therefore it has a short shelf life compared to cook-freeze of up to five days including the day of production, distribution time and regeneration. The process involves raw food, cooking, portioning, blast chilling, chill storage, distribution, regeneration. The benefits of Cook-Chill and Cook-Freeze to the employers: there will have a portion control and a reduced waste, the production will be adjusted, the staff time will be fully utilised, no more weekend work and overtime. To the customers: the variety and selection of food will increased, the standards will be maintained with a quality improvement and the services can be maintained at all times even no staff. Sous vide methods: the sous vide system involves the preparation of quality raw foods, pre-cooking when necessary. You put or placed the raw foods into special plastic bags and you vacuum the air from the special plastic bags and then you seal properly the bags. After sealing you steam cooking to pasteurisation temperatures. From then the food product can be served direct to the customers at this stage or can be chilled quickly to +1 degree Celsius to +3 degree Celsius and stored between 0 degree Celsius to +3 degree Celsius for a maximum of twenty-one days. That method increases the potential shelf-life of normal coo-chill in three ways: when you remove the air from the plastic bags the growth of bacteria is restricted. Because the food is cooked at pasteurisation temperatures that helps the destruction of most microorganisms and finally because the food has been sealed within the bags is protected during storage any regeneration from any contamination. Different services of Food and Beverage systems Table d’hote menus: this type of menu contains the popular type dishes and is easier to control because the price has already been fixed for whatever the customer chooses, that setting depend on the main dish chosen. The characteristics of a table d’hote menu are being a restricted menu, offering a small number of courses (three or four), limited choice within each course, fixed selling 2 / 3 price and all the dishes are being ready at a set time. A la carte menus: a la carte menu is a larger menu than a table d’hote menu and offer a variety choice. The menus are listing under the course headings and then the establishment could prepare all the dishes. Those dishes will be prepared to order and each dish will also be priced separately. A la carte menu is more expensive than a table d’hote menu because it contains often the exotic and high cost seasonal foods. Table service: the customer enters in the restaurant and takes seat, he/her makes the order from the menu and the Staff brings it to him/her. After finish dinning the staff clears the table. Sectors where there are food service industry: Bistro, Brasserie, Coffee Shop, First Class Restaurants, Cafeteria, Fast-food outlets and Licensed Bars. For all those sectors, the main aim is to achieve customer satisfaction, for that everything you do should meet the customers’ needs physiologically, economically, socially, psychologically and convenience. The Staff should have knowledge or experience in Food and Beverage service. The restaurant should have service methods and necessary staff skills. They should have a higher level of cleanliness and hygiene; have an idea of value for money or price and also the atmosphere. The staff should know how to make the preparation for service (Mis-en-place), take customer food and beverage order, clean for hygiene, and make the bill. They should control the atmosphere in order to satisfy customers’ needs. 1. 2 The factors that affect recipes and menus for specific systems The restaurant should establish a clear list of menu to inform customers what is available to them. The Staff provides a general presentation of the menu on the course headings that should be attractive, clean, and easy to read for language, price, sales mix with accuracy, show the size and form, layout of the menu, nutritional content, health and eating, and special diets (inform people who are allergic, diabetic, have low cholesterol and low sodium). Also the cultural and religious dietary influences can affect recipes and menus as well. Example Hindus, Jews, Muslims, Sikhs, Roman Catholics, Vegetarians. 1. 3 Comparison of the coast and the staffing implications POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG).

I am Intrigued with Psychological Research and College Instruction :: Graduate Admissions Essays

I am Intrigued with Psychological Research and College Instruction. Â   Having enjoyed psychology-related activities in both the academic and community settings, it is with enthusiasm that I pursue a career in clinical psychology. An important part of this pursuit is attending graduate school. In order to obtain the necessary knowledge and to define my areas of interest, I wish to enroll in a doctoral program in clinical psychology. Â   Throughout my undergraduate work I have engaged in a variety of activities to help prepare my for graduate study. One such activity is my involvement in research. This past summer I participated in a research project with a UNI professor, Dr. Augustine Osman. Our research involved the examination of the psychometric properties of the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS) in a community sample. I performed basic data entry and ran SPSS-X programs for manova, correlation, and reliability. For two to three hours a day, over an eight week period, my research experience involved discussions on issues of psychometrics as well as learning how to transcribe and run several programs used in factor analysis. Through this experience I have also become familiar with the process of research revision and publication. In fact, I will be listed as a co-author upon publication of this work. Â   Currently, I am involved in an independent research project investigating sex-role stereotyping in college classrooms. My advisor, Dr. Jane Wong, has been supervising by progress. After completing background reading on this issue, I have decided to investigate the relationship between students' sex-typed characteristics. I have developed six scenarios in which I manipulated the sex-typed characteristics of the instructor. Students will be asked to complete the Bem Sex Role Inventory and the Traditional Egalitarian Sex Role Scale (TESR) prior to reading a scenario. After reading the scenarios they will be asked to rate the instructor using a rating form developed by Leventhal, Perry, and Abrami (1977). I hope to present my findings at a regional psychology conference and, if possible, submit the work for consideration for publication. Â   Aside from conducting research, I also have had the opportunity to experience the teaching aspects of psychology while serving as a teaching assistant for a Research Methods course and an Introduction to Psychology course. As a TA for Research Methods my responsibilities included supervising five students' research work. Specifically, I assisted the students in the library while they worked on a bibliography, summary and synthesis, and proposal project.

Eye Gaze

CIRRICULUM VITAE NATRAJ. K Mobile: +917893067763 ( : natraj. [email  protected] com PROFESSIONAL SUMMARY A dynamic & result oriented professional with 5. 6 years of experience in various platforms of project management, contract management, quality management, personnel management activities in INRASTUCTURE PROJECT SECTOR.Well served as an Infra site Manager (Jr) with ATS GROUP Ltd in Abu Dhabi, UAE for Homeland Security Projects Deputed by the AVANA [TATA-AGT] INTERNATIONAL COMPANY. Well conversant in handling the Survey, Planning, Drawing, Resource Management, Vendor Management. Astute manager with a flair for adopting modern project execution methodologies, systems in compliance with quality standards. Expertise in swiftly ramping up projects with competent crossfunctional skills and on time execution. EMPLOYMENT HISTORYWorked as an Infra Site Manager (Jr) with ATS GROUP LTD (Homeland security projects) since Oct 2010 to may 2012. (RECRUITED as an EXECUTIVE by the TATA AVANA G ROUP [JOINT VENTURE OF TATA AND AGT INERNATIONAL COMPANY] CORE COMPETENCIES PROJECT PLANNING ? Implement detailed project reports and project execution plans/drawings after thorough discussion with clients, selection of sites, project evaluation in terms of outlays and profits attached. ? List down the resource needs for projects, after considering the budgetary parameters set. Establish time span of project execution as per client specifics. ? Monitor project status during the course of periodic project review meetings. ? Evaluate Designs; coordinate with Consultants and Sub Contractors for changes in the same. SITE & CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT ? Manage all construction activities including providing technical inputs for methodologies of construction & coordination with site management activities. ? Interact with Site Purchasers and Suppliers for achieving cost effective purchase of equipment, accessories, material with timely delivery so as to minimize project cost.CONTRACT MANAGEMEN T ? Oversee pre-tender obligations like submitting pre-qualifications, study of contractual conditions, project cost analysis including considering cost impact of techno-commercial conditions. ? Coordinate with Main Contractors; monitor their performance in view of project schedule. Settle all techno-commercial disputes / clarifications during execution of project. ? Prepare contract documents for various work items including contractual terms and conditions, technical specifications and commercial terms.QUALITY ASSURANCE & CONTROL ? Handle Quality Management Systems across various processes to reduce rejection levels and ensure high quality standards at all the stages of production by maintaining Documentation & Data Management. ? Conduct various inspections to ensure designed products are in compliance with pre-set technical specifications. ? Take adequate measures like forming quality circles, maintaining necessary records and conducting audits to comply with statutory quality & environmental standards. CO-ORDINATION Network with Consultants, Architect, Contractors, Clients to ascertain technical specifications, construction related essentials, based on the prevalent rules and codes. ? Relationship management with Statutory Authorities for availing mandatory sanctions. EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS: ? BTech in Electrical & Electronic Engineering from J. N. T University in Nov 2006. WORK EXPERIENCE: 1. Worked as a Service Site engineer with Aster Teleservices Pvt Ld. , from Nov 2006 to Oct 2007 in Andhra Pradesh, INDIA. 2. Worked as a cluster Engineer (PMC Projects) with Aster Teleservices Pvt Ltd. from Nov 2007 to Oct 2008 in Ananthapur, Chittoor&Cuddappah regions in Andhra Pradesh, INDIA. 3. Worked as a CLUSTER HEAD (projects & maintenance) for the Medak, Rangareddy and Hyderabad region in Andhra Pradesh, INDIA from Nov 2008 to Jan 2010 in ESSAR COMMUNICATIONS. 4. Worked as a Deputy Manager in ESSAR BULK TERMINAL(20mmtpa) (port projects, Material Handling Pro jects and Power Projects) in jamnagar(vadinar) GUJRAT, INDIA from Feb 2010 to sept 2010 5. Worked as a Infra site Manager (Jr) with ATS GROUP LTD in Abu Dhabi, UAE in Homeland security projects from oct 2010 to May 2012.DETAL JOB PROFILE: 1. 1. Aster Teleservices Pvt Ltd. As a Service Site Engineer. Client: AIRTEL Company. Job profile: †¢ Supervising the Civil, Electrical and tower erection works . †¢ Commissioning, Maintenance & troubleshooting of all Sites. †¢ O & M activites of all civil and electrical works. 2. 1. Aster Teleservices pvt ltd. As a cluster engineer. Client: vodafone company & Indus Company Job profile: †¢ Supervising the Civil, Electrical works of all Sites. †¢ Commissioning, Maintenance & troubleshooting of all Sites. VSWR Measurements, RF Power calibration, Internal & External Alarm Testing. †¢ O & M activites of all civil and electrical works. †¢ survey for upgradation of existing sites. †¢ Survey for new sites. 3. 1. ESS AR COMMUNICATIONS. As a CLUSTER HEAD. Key Responsibilities: †¢ Execution of Projects from Inception to Completion including Project Planning, Project Costing, Budgeting. †¢ Coordination & Communication both Internal & External, Scheduling and preparation of project progress report. †¢ Preparation of BOQ & Collection of receivables from the customers. Managing for all the activities of mobile telecom Infra implementation Which Include Land acquisition, Civil survey, Civil foundation(for GBT and RTT and RTP TOWERS ), Shelter foundation, shelter erection, Tower Erection, DG installation, Internal & External Electrical works, Sharing of sites. †¢ O&M Responsible for operation and maintenance of Tower Sites at 3 regions are MEDAK , ZAHEERABAD , VIKARABAD †¢ Upgradation of existing tower sites for addition of customers †¢ System testing Acceptance & issuance of ATP 4. 1. ESSAR BULK (coal) TERMINAL. As a Deputy Manager. Key Responsibilities:Planning, Basic Eng ineering, Detail Engineering, Erection, testing & commissioning, Co-ordination with consultant, supplier , contractor & other departments for following packages 1) Power distribution for ESSAR TERMINAL PORT 2) Automatation , Control and VVFC drive for Conveyor system 3) Dust suppression and Fire Fighting system 4) Wagon loading and Truck loading system. 5) Brought out items like transformer, Motors, Cables 6) Grab Unloader (2000 TPH) & stacker cum reclaim (6000/2500 TPH) 5. 1. WORKED AS A INFRA SITE MANAGER (JR) WITH ATS GROUP LTD IN ABU DHABI, UAE.Key Responsibilities: ? Supervising the Civil, Electrical works ? Monitoring daily and weekly and monthly target tracking by vendor ? Providing design and work plan to vendor for completion of project in time ? System testing Acceptance & issuance of ATP. ? Plan, organize and coordinating with stakeholder for the successful completion of project. ? Responsibility includes design review and analysis of projects, preparation of documents fo r approval of the local authorities (confidential), material procurement scheduling, project budget, project development, and quality control.Key Projects and Selected Accomplishment: ? Construction of Backbone Project For fiber connectivity. This project involved Instalation of manholes, duct laying and fiber connectivity between major control room. ? ADCO in around fence up gradation and security camera installation, conversion of existing fence into smart fence and also planning for all fiber and power connectivity for cameras &sensors as well as radars. ( CNIA ) Critical National infrastructure Authority. Light pole project in Zero tolerance area to provide light support for the security camera, access control and smart fence. ? Fiber Network planning, cable laying in perimeter fence to backbone route and main control room. Installation of SWB and cable termination from the Cameras. (CC 10 & CC 30 ) PERSONAL DETAILS: Full Name: Kanikarapu Natraj Date of Birth: 25-06-1983. Langua ges Known: English, Telugu, Hindi Marital Status : Married. Permanent Address: PLOT NO: 14/A, Laxmi nagar, Picket, Secunderabad. Phone No : +917893067763.

Comparison of Two Restaurants

Summary Restaurants business one of major segments of Hospitality industry in United Kingdom. This assessment report mainly focuses on the analysis of two difference restaurants base on food and beverage principles and theories. Here writer selected McDonald’s Hanger lane for fast food segment and O’Neill’s Ealing for fine dining segments. Evaluation process based on the writer experienced of those two restaurants and used meal experienced check list prepared using food and beverage theories and concept. In addition, writer created SWOT analysis for each restaurants for enhance analysis external and internal factors.Comparative analysis done using several topics for improve clear understand for readers. Used difference academic journals, books and reputed web site details for deliver evidence to support the discuss points by acknowledging relevant authors of such valuable sources. In addition, knowledge grab during the class contributed more to complete this asse ssment report. Prominent points highlighted during the conclusion for revise reader attention for such points and end of report provide recommendations to the both restaurants to enhance their business performance.There are main two limitations of this this report, first, all provided recommendations relevant only for discussed two restaurants and difficult to generalised and second, majority of points discussed base on writer experienced and that have possibility of involved of unintentional personal biased. 1. Introduction 2012 restaurants market update of keynote shows that market value increase 1. 7% during the 2011 compare to 2010. Government informed that UK emerging from recession in this year by Wintour and Stewart (2012). This shows the creating good business atmosphere within the UK.Restaurants are one of main business sector within the hospitality industry and it has several types of categories such as fast foods, fine dining and ethnic special. This report mainly focuses on the compare and contrasts the two differences restaurants, based on the writer meal experienced of those two restaurants and finally try to gives suggestions that important for improve customer experience and sale of such restaurants. Here writer selected O’Neill’s Ealing mainly for fine dining restaurants and McDonald’s Hanger Lane t for fast food casual restaurants.This comparative analysis base on the writer experienced of those two restaurants and use Meal experience check list (See Appendix: 1) for evaluate these two restaurants. These two restaurants working on difference market segments, however base on the food and beverage theories can easily analysis and evaluate two restaurants. 2. Overview of Restaurants 2. 1. O’ Neill’s – Ealing O’Neill’s is one of restaurants chain of Mitchells and Butlers PLC operation in England and they are specialisation of Irish foods; however they offer both table d’hotel and A la carte menus.Other than restaurants facilities, O’Neill’s have bar section. This restaurants under the non-captive market and they have powerful strength from the mother company that leader within the UK for Restaurants and Pub including brands like † Harvester† and â€Å"all bar one† (www. mbplc. com). However, Ealing O’Neill’s need to differentiate itself to face greater competition from surrounds restaurants in Ealing area (See Appendix: 2 for SWOT: O’Neill’s Ealing). 2. 2 McDonald’s – Hanger Lane (Near Quill Street) The world’s largest quick chain restaurants and 1200 restaurants located within the UK (www. cdonalds. co. uk). However McDonald’s under semi-captive food market because customers can choice only from offer alternatives. Open in 24 hours and drive through facilities adds more strength for Hanger Lane McDonald’s apart from the reputed global name. (See Appendix: 3 for SWOT: McDonald’s Hanger Lane) 3. Comparative Analysis This comparative analysis and evaluation doing in using separate topics and only consider the restaurants part and not consider their additional activities such as bar in O’Neill’s and drive through process of Mc Donald’s . 1. Service SystemMcDonald’s following fast food service system and O’Neill’s following fine dining service. McDonald’s always follow single point service and take away service; however O’Neill’s use waiter’s assistant systems. Both restaurants service are well maintenance and give good service for customers. Restaurants service systems direct effect of the image of the restaurants and that enhance the customer loyalty. (Ryuet al. 2012) 2. Staff Staffs of both restaurants are well trained and committed to provide full customer satisfaction with higher hygienic practices.All staff members wear proper dress code and very polite and try to pro vide best options for customers. Observed that, McDonald’s staffs mainly follows the grater standardised control procedures and O’ Neill’s staff more empowerment for taken some decisions. Highly standardised lead to more control of staff in Mc Donald’s (Ingram and Jones 1998). Employee empowerment enhance customer responsiveness and as well as employees retention with organization (Ashness and Lashley 1995). 3. Use of Special Equipment and Services Two restaurants always try to use more effective equipment to reduce energy consumption.McDonald’s using high efficiency British Thermal Unit (BTU) fryer to reduce energy consumption and give quick service to customers. O Neill’s also follow green concept and energy consumption reduce strategy (Mitchell and Butler annual report 2011). Card payment accepts by both restaurants that give more convenient for majority of customers. 4. Meal Experience 3. 4. 1 Interior Arrangement, Decoration and Enterta inment O’Neill’s interior design and dining area prepare for more comfortable and classic way for retention customers more time within the restaurants.Arranged seating to facilitate personal and business discussion among the customers and provide slight normal music for give higher feeling to customers. Every Friday and Saturday O’Neill’s provides live music for customers. O’Neill’s provide high class tableware and decoration of all tables. McDonald’s interior design comparatively low and provide plastic chairs and tables and no much intention to keep customers long time in restaurants due to concept of fast food serving (Lillicrap and Cousins 2010). Customers repurchasing behaviour and satisfaction highly depend on customer waiting time in fast foods chain outlet (Law et al. 004). Therefore, McDonald’s basically focus to provide higher number of customers within limited time. O’Neill’s lighting arrangements compa ratively good and it provide more attraction and comfort for long-term discussion. However, McDonald’s hanger lane does not use specific lighting arrangement. 3. 4. 2 Safety and Hygienic Hygienic conditions are higher in both restaurants and displayed the council certificate, safety notice, singe and whole restaurants clean and tidy. This is the last part of the food supply chain and majority of customers believe that restaurants maintain good hygienic conditions (Knight at el. 007). According to the Mitchel and Butler annual report, all food suppliers require to meet British Retail Consortium Global Certificate requirement and need to face regular safety and quality audits. McDonald’s has own food quality audits systems (www. mcdonalds. co. uk). 3. 4. 3. Food Price Price is important factor for purchasing decision of consumer (Mendez et al. 2006). Observed that both restaurants provided good value for money and this confirmed by few consumers in two restaurants as wel l as writer own experienced. However, O’Neill’s need to consider their food price for face competition in Ealing.Competitive pricing lead for price war and that can affect for long term sustainability of business (Davis et al. 2008). 3. 4. 4 Food, Beverage and Menu O’Neill’s provide eight difference menus basically focus in Irish foods and provide special menu for kids and Sunday. On the other hand, McDonald’s provided own menus basically focus on the fast food category. Two restaurants always keep their menus within some limitation with less variation. However, O’ Neill’s menus are very attractive and give full description for customers (see Appendix 4) (http://www. oneills. co. k/oneillsealing). O’ Neill’s provides foods very decorative way compare to McDonald’s (see Appendix 5) and both restaurants provide foods in good temperature. Foods aroma was fantastic in both restaurants that enhance appetite of customer s. Beverage supply was very good in both restaurants. 3. 4. 5 Customer Segments O’ Neill’s major customer range is people who like to go out with business discussion or friends or get some functions to meet each other’s. However McDonald’s major customer range is people who hurry to office or school with kids and back to home at evening.Identify of customer segments is important for sustain in business (Kotler and Keller 2006) 3. 4. 6 Location and Facilities Both restaurants located at very convenient place to consumers, however McDonald’s Hanger Lane have very good vehicle parking facilities O’Neill’s Ealing does not have. McDonald’s Hanger lane located near the traffic colour lights that give added advantage showing their name for majority of customers use Ealing road (see Appendix 6). In addition, MacDonald’s Hanger lane opens 24 Hours for customers. However O’ Neill’s Ealing have open limited time for d ay.McDonald’s provides free Wi-Fi and Baby Changing facilities for their customers. 7. Promotions Both restaurants provide special offer for focus market segments, example that O’Neill’s provide â€Å"Three meals for price two† and McDonald’s provide â€Å"4 weeks for 4 tastes†. Promotions are important for build good customer relationship and attract potential customers (Kotleret al. 2010). 4. Identification of Present trend in Food Industry Both restaurants not properly address present trends and food related health matter witan the UK. One or more than one shows diagnosis or undiagnosed diabetic within 20 people in UK (Diabetic in the UK 2012). 010 NHS data showed that 26% of adults (age above 16) and three of ten boys and girls (age between 2 to 15) showing either overweight or obesity within UK. However, Observed that both MacDonald’s and O’Neill’s not change for their foods for cater this current trend. In addition , predicted 10. 3% increase of the UK vegetarian foods market within next five years and main retailers such as ASDA, TESCO, Morrison and Sainsbury already started their vegetarian series (Keynote Market assessment 2012). However, both McDonald’s and O’ Neill’s not properly address this new market trend in UK. 3. 6 Sales MixObserved that Hanger Lane McDonald’s main sales product is Burgers and other main sales products are sandwiches, dessert, chips and beverages. Proper awareness of sales mixes importance for decide price of products as well as manage revenue (Kotleret al. 2010). However, Irish foods are the main sales products of O’ Neill’s and observed that majority of customers prefer for their Irish foods. 3. 7 Marketing McDonald’s comparatively have powerful marketing strategy than the O’Neill’s. McDonald’s have some benefits of marketing due to global brand and product range is unique for every McDonaldâ₠¬â„¢s.However, each of franchise has limited resource for own marketing process that related for area. McDonald’s have single web site that covering all outlets in UK, however O’Neill’s Ealing has their own web page under O’Neill’s main web (see Appendix 7). This is give opportunity for customers to directly contact Ealing management, find the new functions and specific menus. However, McDonald’s web site is more attractive than O’ Neill’s web site and it include nutritionals value and allergic information of the foods (See Appendix 8).McDonald’s provide special service for their customers â€Å"McDonald’s on your phone† that give location of nearest outlet, menus and latest promotion (www. mcdonalds. co. uk). 4. Conclusion These two restaurants cater their service for difference customer segments in market. However, observed that they always try to dominate in their market segments and very less considerat ion of current market trends in UK such as such as healthy foods and vegetarian foods. Both restaurants committed to give full customer satisfaction and try to attract customers using difference promotion and giving high quality safe foods.Both restaurants have proper identification of own sales mix and they use specific marketing strategy to enhance competitive edge in own market segment. 5. Recommendations All discussion based on these two restaurants and therefore these recommendations relevant only for above two restaurants and difficult to generalised. O’ Neill’s Ealing 1. Enhance variation of foods in menu – This is important to attract customers who have difference needs such as Chinese, Mexican, vegetarian, diabetic foods etc. 2. Consider the food price – Need to consider price of foods with compare competitors especially near the Ealing area. . Separate bar area from restaurants. – Bar together with restaurants area give some interference for family dining. Therefore, important of physical separate of dining area from bar section to attract more families to restaurants. 4. Band competition – They can invite Ealing area musical bands to perform in their restaurants that give more attract of local residents and young people to restaurants. 5. Provide nutritional value in in foods – That important to customer to select best suit foods for them and give attraction of customers. 6.Phone application to customers – iPhone, Android, Blackberry, Ovi – O’Neill’s special promotion, menus and special news, this important to always keep customer live with restaurants. 7. Try to get some parking slot beside road side after discuss with Ealing Council. Especially Friday and Saturday nights. 8. Provide loyalty card to regular customers to enhance revisit of regular customers. 9. Provide discount and promotion during the winter period to attract more customers by considering present positive condition of economic growth of UK. McDonald’s Hanger Lane 1.Increase seating capacity; keep more employees that enhance their attraction of McDonald’s products. 2. Concern of healthy foods and vegetarian foods – Need to consider present market trend of healthy foods, especially foods related to children. 3. Provide more attraction inertial decoration – That gives more attraction of customers to restaurants. 4. Provide attractive lighting system. 5. Provide foods in more decorative way to enhance customers’ attraction. 6. Give some higher consideration and facilities to on-site eating customers like takeaway customers. 7. Try to provide combo pack or student pack for attract families and students. . Install indication board beside Ealing road side before the outlet to enhance remind for customers before see outlet and provide information of additional facilities. 9. Start some functions or entertainments, especially at Friday or Saturday to attract customers. Bibliography Ashness, D. and Lashley, C. (1995) Empowering service workers at Harvester Restaurants. 24(8), p. 17 – 32. Emerald: Personnel Review [Online]. Available at: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed: 28 October 2012]. Guardian. co. uk (2012) GDP figures show UK emerging from recession: full reaction. 25 October 2012 [Online].Available at: http://www. guardian. co. uk/business/2012/oct/25/gdp-figures-uk-emerging-recession-full-reaction%20-%204/11/2012 [Accessed: 3 November 2012]. http://www. diabetes. org. uk/Professionals/Publications-reports-and- resources/Reports-statistics-and-case-studies/Reports/Diabetes-in-the-UK-2012/ (2012) [Online]. [Accessed: 28 October 2012]. http://www. ic. nhs. uk/pubs/opad12 (2010) [Online]. [Accessed: 28 October 2012]. http://www. oneills. co. uk/oneillsealing/ (2010) [Online]. [Accessed: 25 October 2012] Ingram, H. and Jones, S. (1998) Teamwork and the management of food service operations. 4(2), p 67-73.Emerald: Team Performance Management [online]. Available at: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed: 28 October 2012]. Keynote (2012) Market Update 2012: Restaurants Knight, A. J. , Worsoz, M. R. and Todd, E. C. D. (2007) Serving food safety: consumer perceptions of food safety at restaurants. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 19(6), p. 476-484. Emerald: [Online]. Available at: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed: 28 October 2012]. Kotler, P. and Keller, K. L. (2006) Marketing Management. 12thed. New Jersey: Pearson prentice hall. Kotler, P. , Makens, J. C. and Bowen, J. T. 2010) Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism. 5thed. New Jersey: Pearson prentice hall. Law, A. K. Y. , Hui, Y. V. and Zhao, X. (2004) Modeling repurchase frequency and customer satisfaction for fast food outlets. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 21 (5), p. 545-563. Emerald: [Online]. Available at: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed: 28 October 2012]. Lillicr ap, D. and Cousins, J. (2010) Food and Beverage Service. 8th ed. London: An Hachette. Mendez, J. L. , Oubina, J. and Rubio, N. (2006) Explanatory factors regarding manufacturer brand: Journal of Product & Brand Management, 15 (6), p. 02-411 Emerald: [Online]. Available at: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed: 28 October 2012]. Mitchell and Butler annual report 2011. Ryu, K. , Han, H. and Jang, S. (2010) Relationships among hedonic and utilitarianvalues, satisfaction and behavioral intentions in the fast-casual restaurant industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(3), p. 416-432 Emerald: [Online]. Available at: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed: 3 November 2012]. www. mbplc. com. www. mcdonalds. co. uk Appendix: 1 – Meal Experience Check List . Physiological and Food quality Description of items |Very |satisfied |unsure |Dissatisfied |Very |Remarks | | |satisfied | | | |Dissatisfied | | |Variation of foods ( Vegetarians or| | | | | | | |diabetic) | | | | | | | |Presentation of food ( Decoration) | | | | | | | |Colour of foods | | | | | | |Taste of foods | | | | | | | |Texture of foods | | | | | | | |Temperature of foods | | | | | | | |Variation of beverage | | | | | | | |Temperature of beverage | | | | | | | |Selection of condiments e. g. alts,| | | | | | | |sauces, pepper | | | | | | | |Portion of foods | | | | | | | |Portion of beverage | | | | | | | |Consumer specific | | | | | | | |Quality of food serve | | | | | | | |General hygienic conditions | | | | | | | Economical and convenient |Description of items |Very |satisfied |unsure |Dissatisfied |Very |Remarks | | |satisfied | | | |Dissatisfied | | |Prices of foods | | | | | | | |Price of beverages | | | | | | | |convenient location | | | | | | |Special offering | | | | | | | |Outdoor catering | | | | | | | |Home delivery | | | | | | | |Past service | | | | | | | |Parking facilities | | | | | | | Service and restaurants conditions Description of items |Ver y |satisfied |unsure |Dissatisfied |Very |Remarks | | |satisfied | | | |Dissatisfied | | |Staff greet pleasantly | | | | | | | |Staff knowing of regular customers | | | | | | | |Staff attention to the customers | | | | | | | |Staff willing to service to | | | | | | | |customers | | | | | | | |Manger attention to customer | | | | | | | |Waiter take order properly | | | | | | | |Staff understand of the products ( | | | | | | | |special offer, prices) to select | | | | | | | |proper food and beverage | | | | | | |Staff friendly and polite | | | | | | | |Service fast and quick | | | | | | | |Staff wearing proper attire | | | | | | | |Decoration of restaurant | | | | | | | | Tidy of restaurants | | | | | | | |Tables are clean | | | | | | | |Tables arrange properly | | | | | | | |Table is enough space to keep foods| | | | | | | |Staff give correct bills and | | | | | | | |changes for customers | | | | | | | |Restaurants open hours | | | | | | | |Staff response when leave the | | | | | | | |restaurants | | | | | | | |External appearance of restaurants | | | | | | | |Interior colour of restaurants | | | | | | | |Temperature conditions in | | | | | | | |restaurants | | | | | | | |Background music | | | | | | | |Live music | | | | | | |Table decoration | | | | | | | |Type of linen | | | | | | | |Appropriate tableware | | | | | | | |Furniture conditions | | | | | | | |Arrange of tables | | | | | | | |Layout of restaurants | | | | | | | |Sign of rest room | | | | | | | |Access of disabilities | | | | | | | |Children play area | | | | | | | |Tidiness of the rest room | | | | | | | Marks Very Satisfied – 5, Satisfied – 4, Unsure- 3, Dissatisfied – 2, Very dissatisfied – 1 Appendix: 2 – SWOT Analysis for O’Neill’s Ealing. |Strengths |Weakness | |Reputed National brand and Mother Company. |In side bar lead to reluctant for family dining especially with | |Specialization of Irish foods. |children. |Performing of Live bands that not in other restaurants near Ealing |No proper parking area. | |area. |Foods price comparatively high. | |Located near the Ealing shopping complex area. |Web site not attractive. | |Bar facilities. | | |Attractive decorations and arrangement. | | |Quality service with experienced staff. | | |Provide decorative foods. | | |High clean and hygienic conditions. | |Eating out increase in UK | | |Quality certification. | | |Opportunities |Threats | |Can provide other specific menus like Chinese and Indian cuisine. |Higher number of competitive restaurants in Ealing. | |Enhance seating facilities. |Less prices foods and drinks introduce by surround restaurants. | |Healthy food e. g. diabetic |Retails group (e. g. TESCO , M & S) introduce they are own foods. | |Attraction can be improved. Majority of customers knowing specialization for Irish foods only. | |Better promotion ability. |Higher control from Mother Company leads less reaction for situation| |Emerge of UK economy from res cission. |and location. | |Showing the nutritional values in foods. |Extreme weather conditions. | |Use of new technology to contact customers. E. g Phone update |Rising of fuel and employee cost. | |Possibility to provide more innovative products. |Majority of customers cut of their eating out during the recession. | | |Increase of number of restaurants direct to price war. |Appendix: 3 – SWOT Analysis for McDonald’s Hanger Lane. |Strengths |Weakness | |Reputed Global Brand. |Seating condition not comfortable. | |24 Hours opening. |Seating capacity very low. | |Drive through Process. |Lighting arrangement not attractive. | |No competitive restaurants nearby. |Less decorative of foods. | |Close to busy Ealing road. |Due to quick service oriented less concern of inside customers. | |Large parking area. |Holidays less vehicles use of Ealing road. | |Wi-Fi facilities. | | |Trained staff. | |Clean and tidy environment. | | |Baby changing facilities. | | |Attractive web site. | | |Phone updates facilities. | | |Quality certification. | | |Opportunities |Threats | |Can increase seating capacity. Possibility of come new restaurants nearby areas. | |Concern of healthy foods. E. g Diabetic |Concern of Healthy foods. | |Introduce specific foods e. g vegetarian, Mexican. |Marketing mainly decide by Head office. | |Attraction can be improved. |Retails group (e. g. TESCO, M & S) start to introduce they are own | |Better promotion ability due to location. |cafe and foods. | |Emerge of UK economy from rescission. |Higher traffic in Hanger Lane during the busy hours, reluctant to | |Introduce of innovative products. |turn for McDonald’s. | | |Extreme weather conditions. | | | | | | Appendix: 4 – O’ Neill’s Menu. [pic] [pic] Source: O’ Neill’s restaurants menu Appendix: 5 – Photo of Decorated O’Neill’s Foods. [pic] Source: Food decoration photo taken from O’Neill’s website. A ppendix: 6 – Location of McDonald’s Hanger. [pic] [pic] Source: McDonald’s Hanger lane photos taken by writer Appendix: 7 – Web page – O’ Neill’s Ealing. [pic] Source: O’Neill’s web page Appendix : 8 – McDonald’s web site with nutritional value and allergic information. [pic] Source: McDonald’s web page

Spanish culture Essays

Spanish culture Essays Spanish culture Paper Spanish culture Paper Essay Topic: Aint I a Woman Black Women and Feminism In general, it is always very advantageous to speak the countrys language you intend to do business with, and particularly if you intend to live there on a permanent basis. This is true for every culture but even more for Spain, as the Spaniards do not, on average, speak English as well as a Northern European. Many companies in Spain have staff with good English language skills, but an initial approach in Spanish is more effective and it is inevitable on a non-corporate level. However, to succeed in Spain or any other culture in general, good language skills alone are in most cases simply not sufficient. Cultural differences and customs can cause more difficulties and stress than one might expect. As a consequence, it is always wise to enquire about the cultural particularities and the way one is expected to respond to them beforehand. Those soft skills might not decide upon success or failure, but what is quite certain is that they create comfort, be it in the business environment or in your private life in Spain. The cross-cultural competence comprises aspects related to verbal and non-verbal communication, social behaviour and appearance. In order to prevent culture shock and not to drop a clanger you should be aware of the following: GREETING and ADDRESSING a PERSON In Spain there are distinct differences in the greeting customs between males and females or in a formal or informal meeting. When introduced expect to shake hands; do so again when leaving. Many Spaniards will meet each other with a kiss on both cheeks, mostly close female friends. However, this is not common in business relationships where it is wisest to offer just a handshake. Once a relationship is established, men may exchange a hug and pat each other on the shoulder. Spaniards have two first names and two surnames, constituted of their fathers first surname and their mothers first surname. People are often referred to as Don or Dona and their first name when in formal occasion, or use Sei or or Sei ora as you would Mr. or Mrs. COMMUNICATION Spaniards are very talkative and are very energetic while talking. This energy becomes apparent in the pace of their speech, the tone of their voice as well as in their body language. So if several people speak at once dont be surprised and be prepared that your Spanish counterparts could, and he/she usually will, interrupt you. This is not a sign of disrespect but the way to show how interested they are in what you are saying. Vice versa you feel free do it, too. Spaniards also speak a lot with their hands; you should not mistake it for anger and what is also very important, never mimic them. Generally, people stand very close when talking, what might be intimidating or uncomfortable for you but stepping back from them will likely be seen as offensive. Even though Spaniards require less personal/physical space while communicating you should never touch, hug or back slap a Spaniard you do not know well, unless a friendly Spaniard touches you first. As far as the conversation topics are concerned you might talk about sports, your home country, Spanish traditions and history and your family but you should avoid discussing religion, feminism, Civil War and World War II. You should be polite at all times in Spain. On entering a shop or a bar a general buenos dias (good morning) or buenas tardes (good afternoon), and adios (good buy) on leaving is expected. A popular trap for foreigners is the similarity between the words services and servicios; so if you commend someone for his good servicios, you are basically praising his toilet. Also be aware of your body language which might lead to misunderstandings and offence. While crossing your fingers has several meanings, usually things such as protection or good luck, and is a nice gesture to be friendly, the forming of a circle using your thumb and index finger (American symbol for ok) constitutes a deep insult in Spain as it refers to certain body parts. You should also refrain from yawning or stretching in public as it is considered vulgar. If you want to indicate that you are alert you could pull down on your eyelid. If you are a woman be prepared for lengthy gazes from admiring males and whistles, although it is now considered to be rude doing so. MEETINGS and NEGOTIATIONS Spaniards prefer doing business with people they know and trust. As a consequence, it is important for your success to spend sufficient time with your potential business partners and let them to get to know you. This will usually happen during meetings, as face-to-face communication is the preferred way to establish business relationships and doing business in general. Meetings are often held over lunches and dinners. Nevertheless, they are yet formal and follow rules of protocol but those are not always too strict. Furthermore, you should ensure that your partner knows about your intention to talk about business. The first meeting is usually all about getting to know each other, so do not be surprised if it does not lead to a conclusion of the contract. In general, meetings are for discussion and exchanging ideas rather than making decisions. In addition, most Spaniards do not give their opinions at meetings, therefore you are advised to watch their non-verbal communication. Doing so will also help you to ensure your partners understand you, as Spaniards do not like to lose their face and try to avoid looking foolish at all times they will rarely admit that they do not understand something. This is more the case if you are not speaking Spanish. In Spain it is of crucial importance how you present yourself. Along your immaculate outward appearance your character and personality will play a big role. It is best for you to display modesty, e. g. when describing your achievements and accomplishments. Furthermore, play safe avoiding confrontations and particularly avoid insulting the Spanish ego at all costs. Honour and personal pride mean everything in Spanish culture and Spaniards do not like to publicly admit that they are wrong thus, it is better to agree that you disagree rather than maintaining your ground. In addition, always try to build rapport with your colleagues as feelings are as important as evidence in making a decision to the Spanish. Appointments are binding and should be made in advance, preferably by telephone or fax and reconfirmed the week before. Even though Spain is one of the least punctual countries in the whole Europe make sure you arrive on time and be prepared to keep waiting for some 15-30 minutes on your business colleagues rather than keep them waiting for you. Present your business card, best if it is two-sided, to your partner upon arriving, handing it with the Spanish side facing the recipient. Although, many Spanish business people speak English, not all do so. Thus, it is wise to check it beforehand and if needed to hire an interpreter. It is recommended to bring plenty of literature about your company, samples of your products or demonstrations of your services. Moreover, it is a very good idea to have all of your materials printed in two languages, Spanish and your own. Hand out a paper summary of your presentation in Spanish to make sure that your audience understands what you are saying. Negotiations are normally extremely long and arduous but if succeed they will usually result in a long-term relationship for your company and particularly for you as a person. Even if you switch companies your Spanish colleagues allegiances will be to you rather than the company you represent. So remaining patient in business transactions can be very rewarding. During business negotiations, rules and systems are only used as a last resort to solving a problem, and you should be prepared for a chaotic atmosphere. Often several people will be talking simultaneously and interrupting you. In the Spanish business culture, at the conclusion of a successful negotiation it is common to offer gifts . You should ensure that it is a high-quality item and that it is finely wrapped. If you are offered a gift, you should open it immediately and in front of the giver to show him respect. DINING ETIQUETTE and ENTERTAINMENT In the south of Spain it is acceptable to be late by 30 minutes for social meetings. If you are invited to a Spanish persons house you can bring chocolates, or cake; wine, liqueur, or brandy; flowers for the hostess, or a small gift for the children, which is always appreciated. Meals in Spain are a great opportunity for establishing personal relationships and developing trust, even with the business partners. Business colleagues often dine together, but different ranks within a company do not mix. Spanish men normally accept a meal invitation form a businesswoman although she must remain purely professional at all times. Generally meal time in Spain is considered as time for relaxation. Unless an arrangement was made for discussing business in a restaurant, deals are normally closed in the office. However, after a successful negotiation you all go to a restaurant to celebrate. Attempt to give a toast in Spanish (toast from females also acceptable) but let the host do the first toast. You are only to bring a spouse, if you know that the others are bringing their spouses, too. Also smoking during dinners is much more acceptable in Spain than in other countries. It is better to decline food rather than not finishing it, as in Spain it is considered rude to waste food. Tipping everybody is very common in Spanish culture; a tip of 5% in restaurants will be appreciated. DRESS ETIQUETTE Appearance is extremely important to Spaniards. They place greater value on formal dressing than many other Europeans. In Spain it is necessary to project good taste in apparel. If you want to leave a lasting impression, look fashionable and smart; dress conservatively and try to avoid bright or flashy colours, for it is not favoured to stand out. Business attire includes suits and ties, even in warm weather, as shorts are rarely worn in public. However, the jacket can be taken off during a meeting, if the senior person may do so. Female business travellers are best off in well-cut suits, dresses, blouses and skirts, and they should accentuate their femininity through impeccable hair. Elegant accessories are significant for both male and female. If you get a formal invitation to a party, you should wear a black tuxedo for men and a cocktail dress for women, always in conservative colours. Business casual usually means a clean and fashionable designer cotton shirt and good pants, and of course, no tie.